TPLO in Dogs

TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy) is a common surgical procedure performed to
stabilize the stifle (knee) joint in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture, which is
similar to ACL tears in humans.

What is TPLO surgery?
– It involves altering the tibia (shin bone) to change the biomechanics of the knee joint.
– The goal is to eliminate the abnormal forward movement of the tibia (cranial tibial thrust) that
occurs when the CCL is torn.
– By leveling the tibial plateau (the top part of the tibia), the surgery stabilizes the knee without
needing to reconstruct the ligament and neutralize vector forces.

Why is TPLO performed?
– To restore normal limb function after a CCL rupture.
– To alleviate pain and lameness.
– To prevent early joint degeneration caused by instability.
– It is suitable for dogs of various sizes, especially large and active breeds.
Procedure Overview:
1. Preoperative assessment:
– Confirm diagnosis via physical exam, radiographs, arthroscopy and stability tests.
– General anesthesia and pain management.
2. Surgical steps:
– An incision is made over the knee.
– The surgeon cuts the tibia and rotates the bone to change the slope of the tibial plateau to a
more level position.
– The tibia is stabilized with a metal plate and screws.
– Bone is then allowed to heal in this new position.
3. Postoperative care:
– Pain control and anti-inflammatory medications.
– Restricted activity (leash walks, confinement) for 6-8 weeks.
– Physical therapy is highly recommended for resumption of adequate limb function.

Risks and Complications
– Infection or wound healing issues
– Implant failure or loosening
– Non-union or delayed bone healing
– Persistent lameness (rare)

– Deep pain or swelling

Expected Outcomes
– Most dogs regain near-normal limb function.
– Pain relief and improved quality of life are typical.
– Success depends on proper surgical technique, postoperative care, and rehabilitation.
Summary
TPLO is a highly effective, well-established surgical option for managing CCL injuries in dogs,
especially large or active breeds. It restores joint stability and helps dogs return to an active,
pain-free life.