Dental disease in pets

Dental disease in pets is a common and often under-recognized health issue that can affect
both dogs and cats. It ranges from mild gingivitis to severe periodontal disease and can have
significant impacts on overall health.
Types of Dental Disease in Pets
1. Gingivitis
– Inflammation of the gums caused by plaque accumulation.
– Signs: Red, swollen gums, bleeding during brushing.
2. Periodontal Disease
– Progression of gingivitis leading to destruction of supporting tissues (bone, ligament).
– Signs: Receding gums, loose teeth, bad breath, pain when chewing.
3. Plaque and Tartar Buildup
– Soft plaque mineralizes into tartar, forming calculus on teeth.
– Responsible for gingivitis and periodontal disease.
4. Tooth Resorption (Cats)
– A painful process where tooth structure is broken down and absorbed by the body.
– Common in cats, leading to missing or fractured teeth.
5. Tooth Fractures & Loss
– Caused by trauma or chewing hard objects as bones /raw hides
-This practice should be discouraged..
6. Oral Tumors
– Less common but serious; can cause swelling, bleeding, or pain.
Signs of Dental Disease
– Bad breath (halitosis)
– Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
– Visible tartar on teeth
– Drooling or pawing at the mouth
– Difficulty chewing or dropping food
– Loose or missing teeth
– Oral pain or swelling
– Changes in eating behavior
– Favoring a side while chewing

Consequences of Dental Disease
– Pain and discomfort
– Tooth loss
– Infection spreading to other organs (heart, liver, kidneys) via bloodstream
– Decreased quality of life
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Prevention & Management
– Regular dental check-ups: At least once a year, or more in pets prone to dental issues.
– Daily brushing: Use pet-specific toothbrush and toothpaste.
– Professional dental cleaning (COHAT): Removal of plaque and tartar, usually under anesthesia
with dental X-rays and removal of the compromised teeth
– Dental diets and treats: Special foods and chews designed to reduce plaque may help.
– Monitoring: Regularly check your pet’s mouth for signs of disease.
Summary
Dental disease is highly prevalent but preventable. Early detection and consistent dental care
are key to maintaining your pet’s oral and overall health.