Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in cats

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in cats is a common, progressive condition where the kidneys
gradually lose function over time. It affects older cats most frequently and requires ongoing
management to improve quality of life.

What is CKD?
– A gradual decline in kidney function leading to decreased ability to filter waste products from
the blood.
– Often diagnosed based on bloodwork, urine analysis, and imaging.
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Causes and Risk Factors
– Age: Most common in senior cats (>7 years).
– Genetics: Certain breeds like Persians and Siamese are predisposed.
– Diet: Long-term exposure to toxins or poor nutrition.
– Infections: Past infections like feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).
– Dental disease:Chronic infection can impact kidneys.
– Toxins: Exposure to toxins such as lilies, certain medications, or heavy metals.
– Other: Hypertension, neoplasia, or congenital abnormalities.

Signs and Symptoms
– Increased thirst (polydipsia)
– Increased urination (polyuria)
– Decreased appetite and weight loss
– Lethargy and weakness
– Poor coat condition
– Vomiting and oral ulcers (sometimes)
– Dehydration

—
Diagnosis
– Blood tests:Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, phosphorus.
– Urinalysis: Low specific gravity (dilute urine), proteinuria, presence of casts.
– Imaging: Ultrasound or X-rays to assess kidney size and structure.
– Blood pressure: Often elevated in CKD.

-SDMA (Symmetric Dimethylarginine) is an important biomarker used in renal testing to
assess kidney function in pets, especially cats and dogs.

Management and Treatment
While CKD is not curable, management aims to slow progression and improve quality of life:
– Diet:
– Special renal diets low in phosphorus and protein, with high-quality, easily digestible
ingredients.
– Feeding small, frequent meals to stimulate appetite.
– Fluid therapy:
– Subcutaneous fluids help maintain hydration and remove toxins.
– Encourage water intake.
– Medications:
– Phosphate binders to reduce phosphorus levels.
– Anti-nausea drugs or appetite stimulants if needed.
– Blood pressure medications if hypertensive.
– Monitoring:
– Regular bloodwork and urine tests to track disease progression.
– Blood pressure control.
– Additional supportive care:**
– Treating secondary infections, dental issues, or anemia.

Prognosis**
– CKD progresses variably; early diagnosis and management can extend and improve quality of
life.
– Many cats live months to years after diagnosis with proper care based on Stage of renal
disease they are in.

Prevention
– Regular veterinary check-ups, especially in senior cats
– Routine blood and urine testing
– Maintaining good dental health and avoiding toxin

– Prevention may not be possible for age related renal disease common in older cats but proper
management under veterinarians supervision can slow down the progression.
Early detection and a tailored management plan can significantly enhance your cat’s comfort
and longevity.Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in cats is a common, progressive disease,
especially in older cats. The International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) provides widely accepted
guidelines to stage, diagnose, and manage CKD to optimize patient outcomes.