BOAS stands for Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome

BOAS stands for Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, which is a condition commonly
seen in brachycephalic breeds such as Bulldogs, Pugs, French Bulldogs, and Boston Terriers.
What is BOAS?
BOAS is a collection of anatomical abnormalities that cause airway obstruction, leading to
breathing difficulties. These breeds have short noses and flat faces, which predispose them to
airway issues.
Common Anatomical Abnormalities in BOAS
– Stenotic nares: Narrowed nostrils restricting airflow
– Elongated soft palate:Soft palate extends into the airway, causing obstruction
– Everted laryngeal saccules: Small saccules protrude into the airway, further narrowing it
– Hypoplastic trachea: Underdeveloped trachea (less common) but it is usually narrow trachea
as compared to other dog breeds leading to high air flow velocities causing low air pressure ,
which can lead to tracheal collapse.
Signs and Clinical Presentation
– Labored or noisy breathing (stertor)
– Exercise intolerance
– Coughing or gagging
– Cyanosis (blue gums) during severe episodes
– Collapse during exertion or heat stress
– Reverse sneezing
Diagnosis
– Physical exam, especially during exercise or under anesthesia
– Endoscopy (laryngoscopy) to visualize airway structures
– Imaging (radiographs, CT scans) for detailed anatomy
Management and Treatment
– Medical management:
– Weight management
– Anti-inflammatory medications (if inflammation present)
– Avoid heat stress and strenuous exercise
– Surgical correction:
– Widening of stenotic nares (nostril surgery)
– Soft palate resection** (staphylectomy) to remove excess tissue
– Everted laryngeal saccules removal
– Tracheostomy in severe cases or emergencies , usually done at Emergency centres to assist
air flow in life threatening situations.

Please call at Groat Veterinary Centre which is a ‘Dog clinic’ to book a consultation if you wish
to learn more about BOAS and related surgical interventions.
Prognosis
– Many dogs improve significantly after surgery, especially if diagnosed early.
– Severe or untreated BOAS can lead to chronic respiratory distress and secondary
complications like secondary infections or .

Important
– Brachycephalic breeds are predisposed to BOAS, and breeding practices should aim to
reduce these anatomical problems to improve animal welfare.