Arthritis in dogs

Arthritis in dogs, also known as osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a common
condition that causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, especially in older dogs.

What is Arthritis?
– It’s a progressive deterioration of joint cartilage, leading to pain, inflammation, and bone
changes.
– It affects one or multiple joints, often the hips, knees, elbows, or shoulders.

Causes and Risk Factors
– Age: Most common in middle-aged to senior dogs
– Breed: Larger breeds (e.g., Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers) are
more prone
– Obesity: Excess weight puts stress on joints
– Joint injuries or trauma
– Developmental abnormalities: Hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia
– Genetics
– Previous infections or inflammation
Signs and Symptoms
– Lameness or limping
– Stiffness, especially after rest or in the morning (called “morning stiffness”)
– Reduced activity or reluctance to jump or climb stairs
– Swollen or warm joints
– Decreased muscle mass around affected joints
– Favoring one limb over another
– Pain when touched or manipulated
Diagnosis
– Physical exam focusing on joint pain, swelling, and range of motion
– Radiographs (X-rays) to assess joint degeneration, bone changes, and cartilage loss
– Additional diagnostics (joint taps, blood tests) if underlying causes or secondary inflammatory
processes are suspected
Management and Treatment
Goals: Reduce pain, improve function, and slow disease progression
– Weight management: Reduce excess weight to lessen joint stress
– Exercise: Regular, low-impact activity to maintain muscle strength and joint mobility
– Pain relief:
– Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (e.g., carprofen, meloxicam)

– Supplements like omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation
– Other medications as prescribed
– Physical therapy: Massage, hydrotherapy, laser therapy, acupuncture can be considered
based on desired outcome if achieved.
– Supportive steps- non slippery floor, carpets on floor and assistance while getting up or doing
stairs can help.
Prevention
– Maintain a healthy weight from a young age
– Provide appropriate exercise and avoid joint injuries
– Regular veterinary check-ups for early detection

Prognosis
– While arthritis is a chronic, progressive disease, proper management can greatly improve your
dog’s comfort and activity levels.
– Early diagnosis and treatment are key.